Purdue University Logo
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture
 
Horticulture Home Page
Agriculture Home Page
Purdue Home Page
Blackboard
HORT640 Home Page
N Use By Plants
Nitrate Assimilation
Ammonia Assimilation
Glu, Gln, Asn, Gly, Ser
Aminotransferases
Asp, Ala, GABA
Val, Leu, Ileu, Thr, Lys
Pro, Arg, Orn
Polyamines
Non-protein AAs
Alkaloids
Sulfate Assimilation
Cys, Met, AdoMet, ACC
His, Phe, Tyr, Tryp
Secondary Products
Onium Compounds
Enzymes
Methods
Simulation
References
HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology

References, aminolevulinate

Alawady AE, Grimm B 2005 Tobacco Mg protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase is involved in inverse activation of Mg porphyrin and protoheme synthesis. Plant J. 41: 282-290.

Alexander FW, Sandmeier E, Mehta PK, Christen P 1994 Evolutionary relationships among pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes. Regio-specific alpha, beta and gamma families. Eur. J. Biochem. 219: 953-960.

Beator J, Kloppstech K 1993 The circadian oscillator coordinates the synthesis of apoproteins and their pigments during chloroplast development. Plant Physiol. 103: 191-196.

Bermudez Moretti M, Correa Garcia S, Ramos E, Batlle A 1996 Delta-aminolevulinic acid uptake is mediated by the gamma-aminobutyric acid-specific permease UGA4. Cell Mol. Biol. (Noisy-Le-Grand) 42: 519-523.

Bermudez Moretti M, Correa Garcia S, Ramos EH, Batlle A 1995 GABA uptake in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. Cell Mol. Biol. (Noisy-Le-Grand) 41: 843-849.

Boddi B, Loudeche R, Franck F 2005 Delayed chlorophyll accumulation and pigment photodestruction in the epicotyls of dark-grown pea (Pisum sativum). Physiol. Plant. 125: 365-372.

Brody SS, Gough SP, Kannangara CG 1999 Predicted structure and fold recognition for the glutamyl tRNA reductase family of proteins. Proteins 37: 485-493.

Chen W, Wright L, Li S, Cosloy SD, Russell CS 1996 Expression of glutamyl-tRNA reductase in Escherichia coli. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1309: 109-121.

Contestabile R, Jenn T, Akhtar M, Gani D, John RA 2000 Reactions of glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminomutase with R- and S-enantiomers of a novel, mechanism-based inhibitor, 2,3-diaminopropyl sulfate. Biochemistry 39: 3091-3096.

Correa Garcia S, Bermudez Moretti M, Ramos E, Batlle A 1997 Carbon and nitrogen sources regulate delta-aminolevulinic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 29: 1097-1101.

Dalton DA, Diaz del Castillo L, Kahn ML, Joyner SL, Chatfield JM 1996 Heterologous expression and characterization of soybean cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 328: 1-8.

Domanskii V, Rassadina V, Gus-Mayer S, Wanner G, Schoch S, Rudiger W 2003 Characterization of two phases of chlorophyll formation during greening of etiolated barley leaves. Planta 216: 475-483.

Elfsson B, Wallin I, Eksborg S, Rudaeus K, Ros AM, Ehrsson H 1999 Stability of 5-aminolevulinic acid in aqueous solution. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 7: 87-91.

Ewering C, Heuser F, Benolken JK, Bramer CO, Steinbuchel A 2006 Metabolic engineering of strains of Ralstonia eutropha and Pseudomonas putida for biotechnological production of 2-methylcitric acid. Metab. Eng. 8: 587-602.

Franklin KA, Linley PJ, Montgomery BL, Lagarias JC, Thomas B, Jackson SD, Terry MJ 2003 Misregulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in transgenic tobacco seedlings expressing mammalian biliverdin reductase. Plant J. 35: 717-728.

Friedmann HC, Thauer RK, Gough SP, Kannangara CG 1987 Delta-aminolevulinic acid formation in the archaebacterium Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum requires transfer RNA-glu. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 52: 363-371.

Ginsburg S, Matile P 1993 Identification of catabolites of chlorophyll-porphyrin in senescent rape cotyledons. Plant Physiol. 102: 521-527.

Gong J, Hunter GA, Ferreira GC 1998 Aspartate-279 in aminolevulinate synthase affects enzyme catalysis through enhancing the function of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate cofactor. Biochemistry 37: 3509-3517.

Goslings D, Meskauskiene R, Kim C, Lee KP, Nater M, Apel K 2004 Concurrent interactions of heme and FLU with Glu tRNA reductase (HEMA1), the target of metabolic feedback inhibition of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, in dark- and light-grown Arabidopsis plants. Plant J. 40: 957-967.

Gough SP, Kannangara CG 1979 Biosynthesis of delta-aminolevulinate in greening barley leaves. 3. Formation of delta-aminolevulinate in tigrina mutants of barley. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 44: 403-416.

Gough SP, Kannangara CG 1977 Synthesis of delta-aminolevulinate by a chloroplast stroma preparation from greening barley leaves. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 42: 459-464.

Grimm B 1990 Primary structure of a key enzyme in plant tetrapyrrole synthesis: glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87: 4169-4173.

Grimm B 1998 Novel insights in the control of tetrapyrrole metabolism of higher plants. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 1: 245-250.

Grimm B, Smith AJ, Kannangara CG, Smith M 1991 Gabaculine-resistant glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase of Synechococcus. Deletion of a tripeptide close to the NH2 terminus and internal amino acid substitution. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 12495-12501.

Hansson M, Gough SP, Kannangara CG, von Wettstein D 1998 Chromosomal locations of six barley genes encoding enzymes of chlorophyll and heme biosynthesis and the sequence of the ferrochelatase gene identify two regulatory genes. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 36: 545-554.

Hansson M, Gough SP, Kannangara CG, vonWettstein D 1997 Analysis of RNA and enzymes of potential importance for regulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis in the protochlorophyllide accumulating barley mutant tigrina-d(12). Plant Physiol. Biochem. 35: 827-836.

Hayashi S, Noguchi T 1983 Response to light of a specific aminotransferase for delta-aminolevulinate formation in higher plants. J. Biol. Chem. 258: 13693-13696.

He ZH, Li J, Sundqvist C, Timko MP 1994 Leaf developmental age controls expression of genes encoding enzymes of chlorophyll and heme biosynthesis in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Plant Physiol. 106: 537-546.

Houen G, Gough SP, Kannangara CG 1983 Delta-aminolevulinate synthesis in greening barley. 5. The structure of glutamate 1-semialdehyde. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 48: 567-572.

Houghton JD, Brown SB, Gough SP, Kannangara CG 1989 Biosynthesis of delta-aminolevulinate in Cyanidium caldarium: characterization of transfer RNA-glu, ligase, dehydrogenase and glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 54: 131-143.

Huang DD, Wang WY, Gough SP, Kannangara CG 1984 Delta-aminolevulinic acid synthesizing enzymes need an RNA moiety for activity. Science 225: 1482-1484.

Hunter GA, Ferreira GC 1999 Pre-steady-state reaction of 5-aminolevulinate synthase. Evidence for a rate-determining product release. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 12222-12228.

Iida K, Mimura I, Kajiwara M 2002 Evaluation of two biosynthetic pathways to delta-aminolevulinic acid in Euglena gracilis. Eur. J. Biochem. 269: 291-297.

Jacobs JM, Jacobs NJ 1993 Porphyrin accumulation and export by isolated barley (Hordeum vulgare) plastids. Effect of diphenyl ether herbicides. Plant Physiol. 101: 1181-1187.

Johansen Y, Wideroe HC, Krane J, Johnsson A 2003 Proton magic angle spinning NMR reveals new features in photodynamically treated bacteria. Z. Naturforsch. [C] 58: 401-407.

Jung S, Lee HJ, Lee Y, Kang K, Kim YS, Grimm B, Back K 2008 Toxic tetrapyrrole accumulation in protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase-overexpressing transgenic rice plants. Plant Mol. Biol. 67: 535-546.

Kaczor CM, Smith MW, Sangwan I, O'Brian MR 1994 Plant delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Expression in soybean root nodules and evidence for a bacterial lineage of the Alad gene. Plant Physiol. 104: 1411-1417.

Kafala B, Sasarman A 1997 Isolation of the Staphylococcus aureus hemCDBL gene cluster coding for early steps in heme biosynthesis. Gene 199: 231-239.

Kannangara CG, Andersen R, Axelson K, Gough SP, Grimm B, Pontoppidan B, Von Wettstein D 1992 tRNAglu mediated biosynthesis of tetrapyrrole precursor delta-aminolevulinate (ala). Photosynth. Res. 34: 168-168.

Kannangara CG, Gough SP 1977 Synthesis of delta-aminolevulinic acid and chlorophyll by isolated chloroplasts. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 42: 441-457.

Kannangara CG, Gough SP 1978 Biosynthesis of delta-aminolevulinate in greening barley leaves: glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 43: 185-194.

Kannangara CG, Gough SP 1979 Biosynthesis of delta-aminolevulinate in greening barley leaves. 2. Induction of enzyme synthesis by light. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 44: 11-20.

Kannangara CG, Gough SP, Bruyant P, Hoober JK, Kahn A, Von Wettstein D 1988 Transfer RNA-glu as a cofactor in delta-aminolevulinate biosynthesis: steps that regulate chlorophyll synthesis. Trends Biochem. Sci. 13: 139-143.

Kannangara CG, Gough SP, Oliver RP, Rasmussen SK 1984 Biosynthesis of delta-aminolevulinate in greening barley leaves. 6. Activation of glutamate by ligation to RNA. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 49: 417-437.

Keppler OT, Horstkorte R, Pawlita M, Schmidt C, Reutter W 2001 Biochemical engineering of the N-acyl side chain of sialic acid: biological implications. Glycobiology 11: 11R-18R.

King ND, O'Brian MR 2001 Evidence for direct interaction between enzyme I(Ntr) and aspartokinase to regulate bacterial oligopeptide transport. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 21311-21316.

Kruse E, Grimm B, Beator J, Kloppstech K 1997 Developmental and circadian control of the capacity for delta- aminolevulinic acid synthesis in green barley. Planta 202: 235-241.

Kruse E, Mock HP, Grimm B 1995 Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase from barley and tobacco--sequence analysis and initial expression studies. Planta 196: 796-803.

Kumar AM, Csankovszki G, Soll D 1996 A second and differentially expressed glutamyl-tRNA reductase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol. Biol. 30: 419-426.

Kumar AM, Soll D 2000 Antisense HEMA1 RNA expression inhibits heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 122: 49-56.

Kumar MA, Chaturvedi S, Soll D 1999 Selective inhibition of HEMA gene expression by photooxidation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phytochemistry 51: 647-651.

Kumar Tewari A, Charan Tripathy B 1998 Temperature-stress-induced impairment of chlorophyll biosynthetic reactions in cucumber and wheat. Plant Physiol. 117: 851-858.

La Rocca N, Rascio N, Oster U, Rudiger W 2007 Inhibition of lycopene cyclase results in accumulation of chlorophyll precursors. Planta 225: 1019-1029.

La Rocca N, Rascio N, Oster U, Rudiger W 2001 Amitrole treatment of etiolated barley seedlings leads to deregulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis and to reduced expression of Lhc and RbcS genes. Planta 213: 101-108.

Lacourt I, Duplessis S, Abba S, Bonfante P, Martin F 2002 Isolation and characterization of differentially expressed genes in the mycelium and fruit body of Tuber borchii. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 4574-4582.

Lindahl M, Florencio FJ 2003 Thioredoxin-linked processes in cyanobacteria are as numerous as in chloroplasts, but targets are different. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100: 16107-16112.

Mayer SM, Gawlita E, Avissar YJ, Anderson VE, Beale SI 1993 Intermolecular nitrogen transfer in the enzymic conversion of glutamate to d-aminolevulinic acid by extracts of Chlorella vulgaris. Plant Physiol. 101: 1029-1038.

Mohanty S, Grimm B, Tripathy BC 2006 Light and dark modulation of chlorophyll biosynthetic genes in response to temperature. Planta 224: 692-699.

Murakami K, Hashimoto Y, Murooka Y 1993 Cloning and characterization of the gene encoding glutamate 1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase, which is involved in delta-aminolevulinic acid synthesis in Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59: 347-350.

Nair SP, Harwood JL, John RA 1991 Direct identification and quantification of the cofactor in glutamate semialdehyde aminotransferase from pea leaves. FEBS Lett. 283: 4-6.

Nogaj LA, Srivastava A, van Lis R, Beale SI 2005 Cellular levels of glutamyl-tRNA reductase and glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase do not control chlorophyll synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol. 139: 389-396.

Papenbrock J, Mock HP, Tanaka R, Kruse E, Grimm B 2000 Role of magnesium chelatase activity in the early steps of the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway. Plant Physiol. 122: 1161-1170.

Papenbrock J, Pfundel E, Mock HP, Grimm B 2000 Decreased and increased expression of the subunit CHL I diminishes Mg chelatase activity and reduces chlorophyll synthesis in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant J. 22: 155-164.

Pasternak C, Haberzettl K, Klug G 1999 Thioredoxin is involved in oxygen-regulated formation of the photosynthetic apparatus of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. J. Bacteriol. 181: 100-106.

Pawlowski K, Gough SP, Kannangara CG, Debruijn FJ 1993 Characterization of a 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase mutant of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 6: 35-44.

Reinbothe C, Satoh H, Alcaraz JP, Reinbothe S 2004 A novel role of water-soluble chlorophyll proteins in the transitory storage of chorophyllide. Plant Physiol. 134: 1355-1365.

Reinbothe S, Runge S, Reinbothe C, van Cleve B, Apel K 1995 Substrate-dependent transport of the NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase into isolated plastids. Plant Cell 7: 161-172.

Runge S, van Cleve B, Lebedev N, Armstrong G, Apel K 1995 Isolation and classification of chlorophyll-deficient xantha mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta 197: 490-500.

Sangwan I, O'Brian MR 1993 Expression of the soybean (Glycine max) glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase gene in symbiotic root nodules. Plant Physiol. 102: 829-834.

Sangwan I, O'Brian MR 1999 Expression of a soybean gene encoding the tetrapyrrole-synthesis enzyme glutamyl-tRNA reductase in symbiotic root nodules. Plant Physiol. 119: 593-598.

Schroder I, Hederstedt L, Kannangara CG, Gough SP 1992 Glutamyl-transfer RNA reductase activity in Bacillus subtilis is dependent on the hemA gene product. Biochem. J. 281: 843-850.

Shioi Y, Nagamine M, Sasa T 1984 Purification and properties of L-alanine:4,5-dioxovalerate aminotransferase from Chlorella regularis. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 234: 117-124.

Smith MA, Kannangara CG, Grimm B, von Wettstein D 1991 Characterization of glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase of Synechococcus. Steady-state kinetic analysis. Eur. J. Biochem. 202: 749-757.

Smith MA, King PJ, Grimm B 1998 Transient-state kinetic analysis of Synechococcus glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase. Biochemistry 37: 319-329.

Sood S, Gupta V, Tripathy BC 2005 Photoregulation of the greening process of wheat seedlings grown in red light. Plant Mol. Biol. 59: 269-287.

Srivastava A, Lake V, Nogaj LA, Mayer SM, Willows RD, Beale SI 2005 The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii gtr gene encoding the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic enzyme glutamyl-trna reductase: structure of the gene and properties of the expressed enzyme. Plant Mol. Biol. 58: 643-658.

Terry MJ, Kendrick RE 1999 Feedback inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis in the phytochrome chromophore-deficient aurea and yellow-green-2 mutants of tomato. Plant Physiol. 119: 143-152.

Troxler RF, Yan Y, Jiang JW, Liu B 1995 Nucleotide sequence and expression of the genes for the alpha and beta subunits of phycocyanin in Cyanidium caldarium. Plant Physiol. 107: 985-994.

Tzvetkova-Chevolleau T, Franck F, Alawady AE, Dall'Osto L, Carriere F, Bassi R, Grimm B, Nussaume L, Havaux M 2007 The light stress-induced protein ELIP2 is a regulator of chlorophyll synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 50: 795-809.

Ujwal ML, McCormac AC, Goulding A, Kumar AM, Soll D, Terry MJ 2002 Divergent regulation of the HEMA gene family encoding glutamyl-tRNA reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana: expression of HEMA2 is regulated by sugars, but is independent of light and plastid signalling. Plant Mol. Biol. 50: 83-91.

Vavilin DV, Vermaas WFJ 2002 Regulation of the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway leading to heme and chlorophyll in plants and cyanobacteria. Physiol. Plant. 115: 9-24.

Vothknecht UC, Kannangara CG, von Wettstein D 1998 Barley glutamyl tRNAGlu reductase: mutations affecting haem inhibition and enzyme activity. Phytochemistry 47: 513-519.

Vothknecht UC, Kannangara CG, von Wettstein D 1996 Expression of catalytically active barley glutamyl tRNAGlu reductase in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93: 9287-9291.

Wang LJ, Jiang WB, Huang BJ 2004 Promotion of 5-aminolevulinic acid on photosynthesis of melon (Cucumis melo) seedlings under low light and chilling stress conditions. Physiol. Plant. 121: 258-264.

Wang W-Y, Gough SP, Kannangara CG 1981 Biosynthesis of delta-aminolevulinate in greeding barley leaves. IV. Isolation of three soluble enzymes required for the conversion of glutamate to delta-aminolevulinate. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 46: 243-257.

Wang WY, Huang DD, Stachon D, Gough SP, Kannangara CG 1984 Purification, characterization, and fractionation of the delta- aminolevulinic acid synthesizing enzymes from light-grown Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. Plant Physiol. 74: 569-575.

Weinstein JD, Howell RW, Leverette RD, Grooms SY, Brignola PS, Mayer SM, Beale SI 1993 Heme inhibition of [delta]-aminolevulinic acid synthesis is enhanced by glutathione in cell-free extracts of Chlorella. Plant Physiol. 101: 657-665.

Xu H, Vavilin D, Funk C, Vermaas W 2002 Small Cab-like proteins regulating tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Plant Mol. Biol. 49: 149-160.

Yaronskaya E, Vershilovskaya I, Poers Y, Alawady AE, Averina N, Grimm B 2006 Cytokinin effects on tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and photosynthetic activity in barley seedlings. Planta 224: 700-709.

Yaronskaya E, Ziemann V, Walter G, Averina N, Borner T, Grimm B 2003 Metabolic control of the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway for porphyrin distribution in the barley mutant albostrians. Plant J. 35: 512-522.

Zhang H, Li J, Yoo JH, Yoo SC, Cho SH, Koh HJ, Seo HS, Paek NC 2006 Rice Chlorina-1 and Chlorina-9 encode ChlD and ChlI subunits of Mg-chelatase, a key enzyme for chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development. Plant Mol. Biol. 62: 325-337.

Number of references = 91

| PubMed Search | Entrez Protein Search | ISI Web of Knowledge Search | Scirus Search |

David Rhodes
Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture
Horticulture Building
625 Agriculture Mall Drive
Purdue University
West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010
Last Update: 8/25/2008