Perspectives on New Crops and New Uses Proceedings of the Fourth National Symposium New Crops and New Uses Biodiversity and Agricultural Sustainability

CONTENTS

1. Biodiversity
2. Policy
3. Sources of Public Funding
4. Germplasm Conservation
5. Crop Information Systems
6. Cereals and Pseudocereals
7. Legumes
8. Oilseed & Industrial Crops
9. Fiber & Energy Crops
10. Fruits
11. Vegetables
12. Floral & Landscape Crops
13. Medicinal, Aromatic, Spice, & Bioactive Crops

PART I: PROGRAMS & POLICY
BIODIVERSITY, NEW CROPS, NEW USES

• Trends in Agricultural Biodiversity—Vernon Heywood

• New Crops for Canadian Agriculture—Ernest Small

• The Dynamic Contribution of New Crops to the Agricultural Economy: Is it Predictable?—Stephan R.P. Halloy

• New Forage, Grain, and Energy Crops for Humid Lower South, US—Gordon M. Prine and Edwin C. French

• The North Carolina Specialty Crops Program—E. Barclay Poling

• New Uses from Existing Crops—Paul J. Caswell

• Corn Stover Potential: Recasting the Corn Sweetener Industry—David Glassner, James Hettenhaus, and Tom Schechinger

POLICY

• Policy Considerations in New Crops Development—Gary D. Jolliff

• New Crops and the Search for New Food Resources—Jules Janick

• Policy Challenges in New Crop Development—Robert L. Myers

• A Strategy for Returning Agriculture and Rural America to Long-Term Full Employment Using Biomass Refineries—Donald L. Van Dyne, Melvin G. Blase, and L. Davis Clements

• Legal and Technological Measures to Prevent Farmers from Saving Seed and Breeding Their Own Plant Varieties—Hope Shand

• Gene Protection Technologies: A Monsanto Background Statement

SOURCES OF PUBLIC FUNDING

• Sources of New Funding for New Crops and New Uses—Carmela A. Bailey

• Biobased Products Alternative Agricultural Research and Commercialization Corporation (AARC)—Robert E. Armstrong

• US Department of Commerce Advanced Technology Program—Robert Bolksberg—Fireovid

• US Department of Energy—Phillip C. Badger

• US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service—Dwayne R. Buxton

• Biobased Products: US Department of Agriculture and the Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service—Daniel E. Kugler

• Crop Diversification Projects—Robert L. Myers

PART II: CONSERVATION & INFORMATION
GERMPLASM CONSERVATION

• Challenges and Strategies in Promoting Conservation and Use of Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species—Stefano Padulosi, Pablo Eyzaquirre, and Toby Hodgkin

• Conservation of the Wild Relatives of Native European Crops—Vernon Heywood

• The MEDUSA Network: Conservation and Sustainable Use of Wild Plants of the Mediterranean Region—Vernon Heywood and Melpo Skoula

• Conservation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Brazil—Roberto F. Vieira

• Indigenous Plant Genetic Resources of South Africa—Cobus Coetzee, Elton Jefthas, and Emmy Reinten

CROP INFORMATION SYSTEMS

• A Site-Specific Retrieval System for Crop Information—Jules Janick, James E. Simon, and Anna Whipkey

• PLANT INFO: A Component of FAO's Global Plant and Pest Information System—P. Griffee, T. Putter, M. Marsella, H. Pfeiffer, and P. Diemer

• A Geographic Information System to Identify Areas for Alternative Crops in Northwestern Wyoming—J.A. Young, B.M. Christensen, M.S. Schaad, M.E. Herdendorf, G.F. Vance, and L.C. Munn

PART III: STATUS OF NEW CROPS & NEW USES
CEREALS & PSEUDOCEREALS

• Kamut®: Ancient Grain, New Cereal—Robert M. Quinn

• Variability in 'Plainsman' Grain Amaranth—F.R. Guillen-Portal, D.D. Baltensperger, L.A. Nelson, and N. D'Croz-Mason

• Plant Population Influence on Yield and Agronomic Traits in 'Plainsman' Grain Amaranth—F.R. Guillen-Portal, D.D. Baltensperger, and L.A. Nelson

LEGUMES

• Legume Genetic Resources With Novel "Value Added" Industrial and Pharmaceutical Use—J. Bradley Morris

• Chickpea, Faba Bean, Lupin, Mungbean, and Pigeonpea: Potential New Crops for the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States—Harbans L. Bhardwaj, Muddappa Rangappa, and Anwar A. Hamama

• Chickpea: A Potential Crop for Southwestern Colorado—Abdel Berrada, Mark W. Stack, Bruce Riddell, Mark A. Brick, and Duane L. Johnson

OILSEED & INDUSTRIAL CROPS

• The Future of New and Genetically Modified Oil Crops—Denis J. Murphy

• Producing Wax Esters in Transgenic Plants by Expression of Genes Derived from Jojoba—Michael W. Lassner, Kathryn Lardizabal, and James G. Metz

• Breeding Advances and Germplasm Resources in Meadowfoam: A Novel Very Long Chain Oilseed—Steven J. Knapp and Jimmie M. Crane

• Oil Content Distribution of Meadowfoam Seeds by Near-Infrared Transmission Spectroscopy—Brett E. Patrick and Gary D. Jolliff

• Establishment of Meadowfoam as a New Crop in Virginia—Harbans L. Bhardwaj, Muddappa Rangappa, and Anwar A. Hamama

• Salinity Effects on Growth, Shoot-ion Relations, and Seed Production of Lesquerella fendleri—Catherine M. Grieve, Michael C. Shannon, and David A. Dierig

• Growth Analysis of Lesquerella in Response to Moisture Stress—Naveen Puppala and James L. Fowler

• High Performance 4-Cycle Lubricants From Canola—Duane L. Johnson

• Evaluation of Salinity Tolerance of Canola Germination—Naveen Puppala, James L. Fowler, Linnette Poindexter, and Harbans L. Bhardwaj

• Canola Oil Yield and Quality as Affected by Production Practices in Virginia—David E. Starner, Anwar A. Hamama, and Harbans L. Bhardwaj

• Colocynth: Potential Arid Land Oilseed from an Ancient Cucurbit—Zohara Yaniv, Ella Shabelsky, and Dan Schafferman

• Cropping Systems for Stokes Aster—Elizabeth J. Callan and Charles W. Kennedy

• Applications of Vernonia Oil in Coatings—D.L. Trumbo, J.C. Rudelich, and B.E. Mote

• Variability in Oil and Vernolic Acid Contents in the New Vernonia galamensis Collection from East Africa—Ali I. Mohamed, Tadesse Mebrahtu, and Teklu Andebrhan

• In Vitro Characterization of Apomictic Reproduction in Guayule—Roy N. Keys, Dennis T. Ray, and David A. Dierig

FIBER & ENERGY CROPS

• Developing Switchgrass as a Bioenergy Crop—S. McLaughlin, J. Bouton, D. Bransby, B. Conger, W. Ocumpaugh, D. Parrish, C. Taliaferro, K. Vogel, and S. Wullschleger

• Agronomic Research on Hemp in Manitoba—Jack Moes, Allen Sturko, and Roman Przybylski

• Low-THC Hemp Research in the Black and Brown Soil Zones of Alberta, Canada—S.F. Blade, R.G. Gaudiel, and N. Kerr

• Feasibility of Adopting Kenaf on the Eastern Shore of Virginia—Altin Kalo, Susan B. Sterrett, Paul H. Hoepner, Fred Diem, and Daniel B. Taylor

• Effect of Kenaf and Soybean Rotations on Yield Components—Charles L. Webber III

• Feasibility of Cotton as a Crop for Pennsylvania—Polly S. Leonhard

FRUITS

• Temperate Berry Crops—Chad Finn

• Sea Buckthorn: New Crop Opportunity—Thomas S.C. Li

• DNA Analysis as a Tool in Sea Buckthorn Breeding—N. Jeppsson, I.V. Bartish, and H.A. Persson

• New Temperate Fruits: Actinidia chinensis and Actinidia deliciosa—A.R. Ferguson

• Phalsa: A Potential New Small Fruit for Georgia—Anand K. Yadav

• The Pawpaw Regional Variety Trial—Kirk W. Pomper, Desmond R. Layne, and R. Neal Peterson

• Climbing and Columnar Cacti: New Arid Land Fruit Crops—Yosef Mizrahi and Avinoam Nerd

• Low Input Agricultural Systems Based on Cactus Pear for Subtropical Semiarid Environments—Candelario Mondragon Jacobo

VEGETABLES

• Advances in New Alliums—Michael J. Havey

• "New" Solanums—Charles Heiser and Gregory Anderson

• Edamame: A Vegetable Soybean for Colorado—Duane Johnson, Shaoke Wang, and Akio Suzuki

• Evaluation of Tropical Leaf Vegetables in the Virgin Islands—Manuel C. Palada and Stafford M.A. Crossman

• Evaluation of Macabo Cocoyam Germplasm in Cameroon—O.U. Onokpise, J.G. Wutoh, X. Ndzana, J.T. Tambong, M.M. Meboka, A.E. Sama, A. Aguegia, S. Nzietchueng, J.G. Wilson, and M. Burns

• Pointed Gourd: Potential for Temperate Climates—Bharat P. Singh and Wayne F. Whitehead

• Cucurbit Resources in Namibia—Vassilios Sarafis

FLORAL & LANDSCAPE CROPS

• Ornamentals: Where Diversity is King—the Israeli Experience—Abraham H. Halevy

• New Flower Crops—Abraham H. Halevy

• Proteaceae Floral Crops: Cultivar Development and Underexploited Uses—Kenneth W. Leonhardt and Richard A. Criley

• Spiranthes: Terrestrial Orchid with Ornamental Potential—Helena Leszczyñska-Borys, Michal W. Borys, and J.L. Galván S.

• Evaluation of Safflower Germplasm for Ornamental Use—Vicki L. Bradley, Robert L. Guenthner, Richard C. Johnson, and Richard M. Hannan

• New Arid Land Ornamentals: Recent Introductions for Desert Landscapes—Janet H. Rademacher

MEDICINAL, AROMATIC, SPICE, & BIOACTIVE CROPS

• Herbs Affecting the Central Nervous System—Varro E. Tyler

• Immune Stimulants and Antiviral Botanicals: Echinacea and Ginseng—Dennis V.C. Awang

• New Antimicrobials of Plant Origin—Maurice M. Iwu, Angela R. Duncan, and Chris O. Okunji

• Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity of the Extracts of Khat Callus Cultures—Hamid Elhag, Jaber S. Mossa, and Mahmoud M. El-Olemy

• Biochemical and Eco-physiological Studies on Hypericum spp.—T.B. Kireeva, U.L. Sharanov, and W. Letchamo

• Ageratum conyzoides: A Tropical Source of Medicinal and Agricultural Products—Lin Chau Ming

• Identification of the Key Aroma Compounds in Dried Fruits of Xylopia aethiopica—A.O. Tairu, T. Hofmann, and P. Schieberle

• Piper hispidinervum: A Sustainable Source of Safrole—Sérgio F.R. Rocha and Lin Chau Ming

• A Review of the Taxonomy of the Genus Echinacea—Kathleen A. McKeown

• Echinacea angustifolia: An Emerging Medicinal—Ali O. Sari, Mario R. Morales and James E. Simon

• Cichoric Acid and Isobutylamide Content in Echinacea purpurea as Influenced by Flower Developmental Stages—W. Letchamo, J. Livesey, T.J. Arnason, C. Bergeron, and V.S. Krutilina

• Basil: A Source of Aroma Compounds and a Popular Culinary and Ornamental Herb—James E. Simon, Mario R. Morales, Winthrop B. Phippen, Roberto Fontes Vieira, and Zhigang Hao

• Culantro: A Much Utilized, Little Understood Herb—Christopher Ramcharan

• Seed Germination in Stevia rebaudiana—Jeffrey Goettemoeller and Alejandro Ching