1	Origin of Fruits and Fruit Breeding
2	Vincenzo Campi 1580
3	Origin of Fruit Crops
4	Time Frame: Agriculture & Fruit Culture
5	Paleolithic & Neolithic Representations of Plants
6	Gathering Grain, 4000 BCE. Tassili n’Ajjer, Algeria.
7	Date palm flanked by gazelle, in Egypt, 4000–3000 BCE (pre-dynastic).
8	The Uruk Vase, Late 4th Millennium BCE
9	Uruk Vase Detail
10	Fruit culture in Egypt 1279 BCE
11	Distinguishing Characteristics of Fruits
12	Fruit Domestication Factors Recognition of species Selection of elite genotypes Vegetative propagation technology Cultivation technology Pruning and training, irrigation, pollination, pest control Utilization Storage, drying, fermentation, processing
13	Fruit Domestication Interaction of cultural technology and genetic change Vegetative propagation essential Dispersal of fruit crops with human migration Most fruit crops are closer to wild species than annual crops such as grains
14	Genetic Changes Associated with Domestication in Fruit Crops
15	Genetic Changes Associated with Domestication in Fruit Crops
16	Genetic Changes Associated with Domestication in Fruit Crops
17	Irrigation Technology
18	Harvesting and Pest Control
19	Figs
20	Fruit Domestication Interaction of cultural technology and genetic change Vegetative propagation essential Dispersal of fruit crops with human migration Most fruit crops are closer to wild species than annual crops such as grains
21	Offshoots in date palm
22	Fruit Domestication Interaction of cultural technology and genetic change Vegetative propagation essential Dispersal of fruit crops with human migration Most fruit crops are closer to wild species than annual crops such as grains
23	Early Plant Exploration
24	Dispersal: Evidence for Fruit Crops in Egypt
25	Date Palm
26	Date Palm Pollination in Assyrian Bas-reliefs
27	Laws of Hammurabi, ca. 1750 BCE §64. If a man give his orchard to a gardener to pollinate (the date palms), as long as the gardener is in possession of the orchard, he shall give to the owner of the orchard two thirds of the yield of the orchard, and he himself shall take one third. §65 If the gardener does not pollinate the (date palms in the) orchard and thus diminishes the yield, the gardener (shall measure and deliver) a yield of the orchard to (the owner of the orchard in accordance with) his neighbor’s yield.
28	Date Palm
29	Olive
30	Olive
31	Grape
32	Grape Culture
33	Grape Pressing
34	Fig
35	Fig
36	Banana & Plantain
37	Banana
38	Evolution of Cultivated Bananas
39	Pome Fruits (Apple & Pear)
40	Apple Propagation
41	Apple Culture 3rd Century, St Romain-Gal, Vienne, France
42	Apple Culture 3rd Century, St Romain-Gal, Vienne, France
43	Sources of Scab-resistance
44	Transferring Vf by Backcrossing
45	Stone Fruits (Prunus)
46	Peach
47	Peach from Pompeii
48	Citrus
49	Citrus
50	Nucellar Embryony
51	Color Sports in Grapefruit
52	Interspecific Hybridization in Citrus
53	Tangerine × Grapefruit
54	Tangerine × Orange
55	Pineapple
56	Pineapple
57	Propagation of Pineapple
58	Spineless Mutation
59	Del Monte Gold
60	Fruit Domestication Interaction of cultural technology and genetic change Vegetative propagation essential Dispersal of fruit crops with human migration Most fruit crops are closer to wild species than annual crops such as grains
61	Recent Domesticates Kiwifruit Vacciniums Cranberry Blueberry Lingonberry
62	Kiwifruit
63	Kiwifruit
64	Cranberry and Lingonberry
65	Blueberry
66	Origin of Fruit Breeding Jean Baptiste Van Mons (1765–1842) Mass selection of pear (8 generations)
67	Origin of Fruit Breeding
68	Levels of Breeding Activity
69	Effects of Organized Fruit Breeding on the Commercial World Industry
70	Conclusions Our fruits are legacies of Neolithic and Bronze Age farmers Persistence of farmer-selected cultivars due to unique quality factors making them difficult to replace Deficiencies made up by cultural techniques and genetic changes Knowledge of domestication makes it possible to predict future changes: Search for specific mutations (parthenocarpy and seedlessness, breakdown of dioecy, loss of compatibility, high sugar, loss of astringency) Use of interspecific crosses to create new fruits (Citrus, Prunus, Rubus) Selection of underexploited germplasm (pitaya)