Fig. 12-2. Christianity reached China through the Jesuits, who were sufficiently diplomatic to conform to Chinese manners in dress and behavior and to recognize the values of Confucianism. The three figures above are the resourceful Jesuit pioneer Matteo Ricci, with Adam Schall and Ferdinand Verbiest, both of whom aided the emperor with their astronomical knowledge and talents for diplomacy. Schall wears the manderin's White Crane plaque on his chest. At the bottom is Ricci's most famous convert, Hsu Kuang-ch'i. Hsu, who took the name of Paul at baptism and, like Ricci, saw no inconsistency between Christianity and Confucian observances, is pictured with his granddaughter. Source: Toynbee 1993.